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In order to obtain the high energy density of the battery, the metal lithium located at the top left of the periodic table of elements has become the preferred secondary battery today. However, the development of lithium batteries seems to have encountered a "bottleneck period", with slow increase in energy density and not rapid decrease in cost. Moreover, challenges have been encountered in fast charging, adaptation to temperature range, large-scale deployment and application (electric vehicles, energy storage) and resource abundance. Therefore, people have been looking for a new secondary battery technology to make up for the shortcomings of lithium. Alkali metal ion batteries use alkali metals such as sodium and potassium instead of lithium. Because the reserves of metals such as sodium and potassium are much higher than lithium, the popularity of alkali metal ion batteries will reduce the cost of batteries. In this paper, in-situ transmission electron microscopy was used to study the migration characteristics of ions in alkali metal ion batteries. One end of the battery electrode is metal sodium and sodium surface coated oxide layer, the other end of the electrode is SnS2. Studies have shown that the implantation of sodium ions will produce a large number of defects and about 5% of the lattice expansion, accompanied by the production of Na0.5SnS2 superstructure mesophase. Different from the electrode materials dominated by ionic bonds, the sodium and lithiation processes in SnS2 materials dominated by van der Waals forces are very similar (both are asymmetric reaction paths). However, a higher density of defects is produced during the sodification process relative to the lithiation process, which may be related to the larger radius and mass of the Na ion. This study is important for understanding the properties of metal ion migration in alkali metal cells. Asymmetric sodium ion insertion and extraction pathways can help us better understand the source of voltage hysteresis and energy efficiency in alkali ion batteries. The relevant research results were jointly completed by Peking University, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and Brookhaven National Laboratory of the United States. The relevant research results were published in Nano Energy (Nano Energy 32 (2017) 302-309).

PicoFemto series in-situ sample rods of Zeryou Technology are used as the carrier of the battery model in this study, which stably and accurately completes the tasks of sample area selection and electric field application. It is worth mentioning that the dual-use sample loading scheme introduced by Zeyou Technology greatly improves the application range and ease of use of the product compared to the traditional STM probe rod that can only be loaded with gold needles.

Real-time observation of the transport process of sodium ions in SnS2.

can clearly observe the movement of phase boundary in the process of sodium conversion.

High resolution TEM observation of sodium ion extraction process.

Theoretical support.

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